Thursday, June 18, 2020

Non-Septuagintal Greek in the NT

The New Testament, written in koine, somewhat famously used a translation of the Old Testament rather than free-form quotations. This isn't always the Old Greek: Paul, for one, used the Masoretic Jeremiah 10:1-16. I'd thought at least the Christian Torah was "Septuagintal". Vridar says no, from Max Wilcox, "Upon The Tree" (1977), doi 10.2307/3265329.

Wilcox (and Vridar) talks about Deuteronomy 21:22-3. In the present canon and in the LXX, a wrongdoer can be punished after death, by (what we'd call) gibbeting. This was done (in Greek) on xylon, the sort of wood Abraham used for sacrifice. Saint Paul argued in Galatians from a reading that the punishment was done by the wood, of which crucifixion is one method. The Syriac Peshitta agrees with Paul; as a Christian text (I'd say "pace Vridar" but - hang on), this is usually assumed an intrusion from Paul.

Wilcox reaches to the Dead Sea Scrolls, finding there evidence that in the first century AD, contemporary Jews did understand Deuteronomy as being crucifictive.

Wilcox finds this Targum, or even original Hebrew, behind certain of the creeds and speeches in Luke's Acts. Normally Luke quotes LXX, in fact aping its "And It Came To Pass" style. Not here though.

I'd bring here the episode of Alexander Jannai crucifying Pharisees. In this case, the Peshitta is here reliant on some Targum - originally Jewish (so Vridar's right!). An antirabbinic Targum. That offers one reason the Masoretic text didn't keep it.

As for which reading was original: preceding Jannai, was the long book of Reigns, including an account of King David gibbeting his enemies. As a "deuteronomic history", Reigns had its protagonist performing deuteronomic hudud. The canon is, thereby, witnessed in pre-Maccabean times. And it was preserved through Maccabean times: the Dead Sea Genesis itself was Masoretic (although whether the chief baker was hanged is not preserved in its 40:22). Qumran preserved the Temple Scroll and Jubilees, but not this chapter in the Deuteronomy which they used.

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