On topic of l'Anse aux Meadows, Colavito directs us to Adam of Bremen. This historian traveled to the Danes' Mark and interviewed Svend Estridson, their king until AD 1076. Adam testifies to Svend's excellent memory and, further, visited the Mark's churchmen to consult their archives. Adam also, one imagines, visited the docks.
Having compiled his notes, Adam went home to append the geographical index "Descriptio insularum Aquilonis" to his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum. Colavito pins this work around 1035 CE
but our man was a mere whelp in AD 1068, when he first entered Bremen; Adam was himself probably a Saxon, from Meissen. The chronicle got its third book (before the Descriptio), an encomium to the late bishop Adalbart, after that one's death AD 1072.
Svend, for his part, had been ruling since AD 1047. This was when Danish and Swedish were still the same "Old East Norse", but already not Icelandic (so I'm not calling him "Sveinn"). Although: all the dialects in this ancient age were mutually comprehensible and, besides - everyone knew Latin. As of AD 1021, Iceland was a Christian island so their sailors had that one fewer problem landing at Norwegian and Danish ports. Also in 2019 came claims the Norse stayed at the Anse (at least seasonally) for a century. I am unwilling to assert that far, but a half century will take us to the 1070s which is all Svend and Adam need.
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