Thursday, November 27, 2025

Luke credited Stephen for Hebrews

I've been alerted to connexions between Luke and the Epistolary Homily to the Hebrews, like Adamczewski's hyperlink-commentary. In that spirit Ross Carruthers argues to read Stephen's speech in Luke's Acts 7, in particular, alongside Hebrews' warning to wavering Judaeo-Christians in the Church.

I do not find where one can download the Carruthers dissertation all at once. The link goes to a popup which the Australian site will take down at untimely moments. So, every chapter or so, I had to note the pagenumber, refresh the page, and manually return.

Carruthers focuses on the historically important Hebrews 5:11-6:8, a warning to the reader. His thesis relies on heretofore-neglected Noel Weeks, “Admonition and Error in Hebrews”, WTJ 39 (1976), 72-80. Important here is 5:12 tína-interrogative over tiná, the former as translated in Latin; and that "anastaurise" means not staurised twice, but just the emphatic staurism - that is crucifixion (consider "nailed up" v "nailed"). In addition, all other warnings in this tract refer to Torah example. Thus, the passage is also not an instruction to the reader, but another reference to the past: a type/pattern of Israel at Sinai.

Likewise Stephen's sermon to his Jewish persecutors. The next question Adamczewski would float is, in which direction the dependence. Richard Carrier has been assuming that Hebrews is first-century and Luke's stuff, second-. Carruthers does not venture this question, only pointing out that Acts is our only "historic" record of Hebrews' controversy. Which record, Luke doesn't attach to any correspondence. I suspect Carruthers allows to Luke more credence than Luke deserves.

So I'll venture this. Luke is (well-)known to cite our New Testament putting its comments into the Apostles' lips. John is made to quote 1 John, Paul quotes his own letters, and so on. Mind, Luke is also prone to cross-pollination: he has Peter cite the works of Paul, likely to elide the ambiguous relationship the two held in life. As to Stephen: even if Luke does have him reach into Hebrews, the author himself might not have been known to Luke. The name "becrowned race winner" tends to be applied to martyrs in early Christian homiletic. Carruthers himself ponders if Barnabas actually wrote the thing with Stephen being the schlemiel caught spreading it.

So I daresay Carrier is vindicated.

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