Sunday, July 5, 2026

The War Scroll's Ezekiel

Among the first surviving witnesses to Ezekiel's oracles is 1QM, the "war of the sons of light against the sons of darkness" or War Scroll for short. Ingrid Lilly, who perhaps more than anyone has raised 𝔊967 and parallel Wirceburger Latin to scholarly seriousness, on 2015 presented a paper on how, exactly, 1QM was citing the oracles. I don't know how the paper was received, but she posted her notes. Where the Scroll deals with Gog is column 11, lines 14-16.

(Lilly ignores 4Q491. Phillip Lebsack likewise calls 4Q491 out as a summary, intended for the outer circle of the Yahad. But more to the point 4Q491 and others simply don't cover this column.)

Mostly ll. 14-15 parallels Ezekiel 36:23. The narrator (the people) is addressing an Entity. This One is to make a name through the ensuing wars; to show Thyself great and holy among what's left of the nations (okay; goys) that they know. What they will know is not preserved (Ezekiel would have it I am YHWH). What is preserved shows (already!) an identification with the object of supplication, with Hash-Shem. But wait! - there's more! Line 16 immediately refers to the judgements against Gog.

1QM col. 11 skips over the whole chapter 37 about those dry bones. Lilly here points out that so does P967. For the Greek (and Latin), the bone chapter comes after the Gog oracle to introduce that great new Temple to come.

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