The great H

The H in the northern sky was sacred to Anatolians. Very early on.

This is Hercules in our star-charts, which come from the Greeks - here, I think Dorians, originally. In classical Greek the name "Hēraklês" happens to begin with an ἦτα; in Latin, "Hercules" with an H. They present the same shape to our eyes. The Latin H had come from Etruscan and the "blue" / "red" Greek alphabets, which had preserved the Canaani written Ḥēt - as 𐌇.

Note that if you're drawing shapes in the sky, the lines aren't what matter; only the vertices matter. Canaan had taken that letter from a Sinaitic abbreviation of the Egyptian courtyard pictogram; they did not see it as sacred. That took an Aegean approach.

Even such Greeks (like Homer) who didn't think Hēraklês worth the worship, and/or were catering (like Aratos) to illiterate poetry-auditors who couldn't read 𐌇, agreed that this shape in the sky represented some link between man and the gods. I am here directed to Gavin White, Babylonian Star-lore (Solaria, 2008), 199f. - on the Sumerogram MUL.DINGIR.GUB.BA.MESH, Babylonian "standing gods" who crush the Chaos-Serpent at their feet (later associated with Marduk and Tiamat).

I don't know how scholars regard Solaria as a press, but White's thesis has - as of last winter - some added support. Manu Seyfzadeh and Robert Schoch proposed "World’s First Known Written Word at Göbekli Tepe on T-Shaped Pillar 18 Means God" (pdf; h/t HBDChick). The Ḥēt sign in the sky, right after Younger Dryas, aligned closer to the North Pole. Back then the H was the Pole Constellation and nobody looked twice at modern "Polaris". The Anatolian (then) hunter-gatherers associated the Ḥēt sign with a gate to heaven. Then maybe with the bull's horns, presumably once they became farmers, with the harness of cattle for milling grain on hilltop.

This would, then, be the first abstract pictogram. As opposed to shapes in utilitarian pottery and drawings of some observed bison (or graffiti of penis). The pictogram means "god".

It doesn't tell us what language they spoke in Anatolia, because pictographic, like Cycladic and Susa III and Scorpion-King. It does imply that the culture had a shared language.