Runs-of-homogyzosity specified in the Andes (h/t hbdchick). Brought to you by Harald Ringbauer and Matthias Steinrücken again, plus Lars Fehren-Schmitz and (who else) David Reich; doi 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.072.
Under the Huari, the Andes intermarried up and down the length of the chain. This stopped around 1000 AD, after which arose close-kin unions from 9% to 46%
. That is: clans surged, inbreeding with themselves. The Incas reinstituted an empire but, as we know, it didn't last long before the Pizarros involved themselves and the Andes went back to chaos.
When the Spaniards start taking notes, they note a clan system called Ayllu. Ayllu was not universal, but it was common. Likely resurging under the Inca Civil War. Ringbauer's ring don't see Ayllu in postHuari coastal states like the Chimu / ChanChan which ran her own empire.
This backs up that the Huari was an empire, and that the Fourth Age afterward - in the mountains - was a dark age.
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