Monday, February 15, 2021

The god of the wheel

The Greek pantheon includes a god "Hēlios". Canonically he is an ex god, associated with Hyperion a Titan alongside Kronos. Homer witnesses that cults to Ἠέλιος survived here and there into the Archaic Age. He isn't named in Linear B but Pylos did follow his calendar: doi 10.1007/978-1-4020-8784-4_27.

Leaving Greece, here's the Zealand sun-chariot.

That -ios in "Hēlios" marks an adjectival genitive, like "Dionysius" for a servant of the wine-god. "Hēlios" is a pious euphemism for his True Name like "Bear" for "Arktos" or "Ursine"... or, for that matter, "Hyperion" Who Dwelleth Above. (Looks Semitic to me. Luwian would be "Hēlissos".) To truly get his name across, further, that opening ēta needs to be lengthened to fit its Homeric metre: "Heël-".

When Homer skips a beat like this it's long-known that it's because his teachers had slipped a waw in there. Good [Attic] Greek doesn't have 'em like good [Castilian] Spanish doesn't have 'em; but both peoples were well aware they used to have 'em, and found ways around having to print 'em. Some Greek dialects did print 'em, with the digamma, which became Etruscan - and Latin! - "F".

Wiki finds the word in common to Ionic and Aeolic. Cretan Doric had "abelios", leaning into that V. Pamphylian doubles that. The Spartans look like an outlier with "bela" but, given Crete, we must assume a contraction from Doric. So: everyone triangulates common Archaic Greek *hāwelios. I cannot find the Arcado-Cypriote word for "sun"; it is quite possible they didn't get this memo.

Indo-Euro scholars see "solar" elsewhere, and are aware of pre-Greek moves from initial S to initial H. So they posit *seh₂u-el. In this case all the Greeks except the most incorrigible bumpkins and outliers agreed, first, to hail "the god of Sol" and then, in unison, forgot to differentiate Aten from Amun. Well maybe.

I seriously doubt I am the first to offer a minority-report, but we might be dealing with pious Balkan Greeks who followed not The Solar One, but The Wheeling One. This is Bronze Age Indo-European pantheon, (re?)introduced to the Aegaean Sea after LH IIIC. And why not. Certainly more sexy than Aten's dung-beetle.

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