Thursday, March 11, 2021

Keplerian number-theory

If you are of a mathematical bent, the first thing you'll likely notice about the Earth-Venus Hohmann orbit is that it looks, also, resonant with the already-near-resonant Earth:Venus orbits. Namely, 8:13 with 10 shuttling in between. I wonder what other orbital resonances a:c where a and c are natural numbers (or near-enough) can have natural Hohmann b between them.

At stake here is how we can float two satellites in a high orbit and a low orbit, with some service to both - without stopping. Ballistic cyclers, baby! Not every satellite-pair lets you have one. Earth/Mars doesn't - unless you're like McConaghy and Longuski, a genius (S1L1).

There are a couple of equations we're dealing with. One is Bronze Age aphelion-to-perihelion. That's from the highest height at one end (say, Earth); to its other height at its other end, opposite (Venus). Add these values together and that is semi-major axis, doubled. Diameter if a circle which obviously Hohmann is not. Major Axis, perhaps.

The other equation is Kepler's Ratio of time2 and semimajor3. We are all sharing the same centre of orbit and Newton's gravitational constant - so this ratio is unity. Time will be based on the innermost body in orbit, here Venus. So Earth will be 8/13 and Hohmann, 10/13, after a single Venus year.

What I get are (8/13)-2/3 + 1 against 2 * (10/13)-2/3. In C#: 0.25 * Math.Pow(169, 1.0/3) - 2 * Math.Pow(1.69, 1.0/3) + 1. This is -8.3E-05.

I was doing double-precision, not 32-bit "float". This is not Microsoft failing to do a zero. Too bad for number-theorists: if Kepler does have a Ratio to beat out Pythagoras' 3-4-5, 8-10-13 ain't it. Too bad for orbital planners also. But orbital planners between Venus and Earth were already having to put up with those orbits not being perfect 8:13. They were already pondering solar sails (and, in my case, different cyclers). An error below the myriadth range is zero enough, for them.

To be looked for: natural {a,b,c} such that a<b<c and (c/a)2/3 + 1 - 2 * (c/b)2/3 between (-0.0001 , 0.0001). If anyone can surpass {8, 10, 13}, tell me.

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