Friday, January 15, 2021

Outer orbit and L2

I'm pondering the uses of space-stations. Venus is what we do here, so:

What we have there are orbits around L2 (at a million km from the planet, darkside), which vary between true halo and tight Lissajous; and the outer orbits around the planet proper. The latter orbits are of two types. One planetary orbital type is polar, adjusted such that it keeps as far from Venus as possible - maybe 600000 km. The main orbital type stays in the sphere-of-influence as a sphere so it's no higher than 530000 km.

Sun-facing polar orbits need to station-keep, to stay facing the sun and L1/2 so with its plane orthogonal to the line joining them all. Their advantage is that each is always the same distance from all these points. Well over a million km from L1 and L2 - but at least there is a line-of-sight. They're relays.

The stable outer orbits might be polar but we don't station-keep them, sun-facing or otherwise. That's why they're further-in. But on half their orbit they may be on the other side of the Sun. In this case we may as well run them at inclination zero - going toward L2 and then toward L1 on the other side. Up to full period 48 and a third Earth days if it's running with the ecliptic.

Assuming the outer orbit and L2 are in communication, what I'd have the outer orbit do is anything L2 wants that it would plant one day and then harvest in fifty days. One obvious job is fixing spacecraft, that you know will take that long to finish, and we're not keeping here. From Earth they got, what, 447 days before they even need it again. Also: shuttlecraft between loading Earthbound Hohmann and preparing for the Venusbounds in a few weeks. UPDATE 1/20: It might not do the high-energy stuff itself but it can certainly pick up Hilda's work to boost to the other side of the planet.

On topic there are such amenities of that orbit as face Venus. Medical quarantine is one idea which ProjectRho noted. Tho' those might want in on lower Venus altitudes so it takes 24 days rather than 48 or even the Italian quaranta giorni. And Hohmann should have allowed any Earth plague to run its course before then...

Up at L2 everything must be station-kept. That's nice for space junk - it's not staying. But there's also not quite as much room to move the stations about in. 1900 × 800 km really is nothing for satellites running in km/s speeds. Fortunately we also get true halo up to 680000 × 700000 km, quite comparable to a 340000 km semimajor from the planet herself and fifty times wider than our LEO. Unlike assisted-polar these librations aren't always the exact distance from L2 point, but (1) they are always closer and (2) a 68 × 70 variance really isn't that much.

What we keep in L2 would be, furthest out, the same sort of relay as we might get from assisted-polar. Further in, anything visiting that we don't need to keep there: parking garage, foremost.

Also useful would be observatories, run here especially during Hohmann season, to ensure everyone gets to/from where they should be. These can be robotic. When not in use those stations can be sent to park elsewhere, mostly to cool off. Perhaps docked into an orbiting station; if small enough they might float as statites in umbra.

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